Polonnaruwa

Polonnaruwa, a city steeped in historical importance, once served as the capital of Sri Lanka during the 11th to the 13th century. This era marked a period of flourishing political, religious, and cultural activities, leaving behind a legacy of impressive architectural and engineering achievements that stand as a testament to the ancient Sri Lankan civilization.

The city is a treasure trove of archaeological sites, temples, statues, and ruins that offer a glimpse into the rich history and cultural heritage of the region. Notable attractions include the Royal Palace, Vatadage (relic house), Gal Vihara with its rock-cut statues of Lord Buddha, the towering Rankoth Vehera stupa, and the serene Lankathilaka and Kiri Vihara temples.

At the heart of Polonnaruwa lies the Quadrangle, a significant complex housing important structures like the Vatadage, Thuparama Image House, Hatadage (relic shrine), and various other buildings. This area is considered the spiritual and ceremonial center of the ancient city, where rituals and events unfolded.

The city’s engineering prowess is showcased by the Parakrama Samudra, an expansive man-made reservoir covering approximately 6,500 acres. This water body played a pivotal role in supporting the city’s agricultural activities and sustaining its population in ancient times.

Gal Vihara, a revered rock temple within Polonnaruwa, is celebrated for its exquisite rock-cut Buddha statues. These masterpieces of Sri Lankan sculpture include a standing Buddha, a seated Buddha, and two reclining Buddha figures, all skillfully carved from a single granite rock.

For those seeking deeper insights into Polonnaruwa’s historical riches, the Polonnaruwa Archaeological Museum is a treasure trove of artifacts, offering a window into the city’s history, art, and culture.

Exploring Polonnaruwa’s vast archaeological sites is made accessible by cycling, a popular way to traverse the city. Visitors can rent bicycles, journey along well-maintained roads, soak in the scenic surroundings, and pause at various sites of historical significance.

Visiting Polonnaruwa is akin to embarking on a captivating journey back in time, offering the chance to experience the grandeur and cultural opulence of ancient Sri Lanka. With its remarkably well-preserved ruins, intricate sculptures, and profound historical significance, the city beckons history enthusiasts and those eager to delve into the rich tapestry of the country’s ancient heritage.